{"id":37625,"date":"2022-04-07T15:50:44","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T19:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/?p=37625"},"modified":"2022-04-26T18:04:44","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T22:04:44","slug":"como-evaluar-el-estado-nutricional-en-lactantes-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/como-evaluar-el-estado-nutricional-en-lactantes-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo evaluar el estado nutricional en lactantes?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"37625\" class=\"elementor elementor-37625\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-302c6b3 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"302c6b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dfc09d\" data-id=\"2dfc09d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71b66c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"71b66c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1800x500-1.png?fit=1800%2C500&#038;ssl=1\" title=\"1800&#215;500 (1)\" alt=\"1800x500 (1)\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb5448f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb5448f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f9ae94\" data-id=\"8f9ae94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9178a92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9178a92\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2891cb62\" data-id=\"2891cb62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3151538 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3151538\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo evaluar el estado nutricional en lactantes?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa63a2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa63a2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para evaluar el estado nutricional en lactantes, en\u00a0principio, debemos recolectar diversos datos, con distintas t\u00e9cnicas o<br \/>procedimientos, cuyo an\u00e1lisis permite obtener indicadores de la situaci\u00f3n\u00a0pasada o actual del estado nutricional (1). Para ello, se deben considerar:<\/p><p><strong style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Anamnesis adecuada:<\/strong> Informaci\u00f3n relativa a la existencia de enfermedades agudas y cr\u00f3nicas,\u00a0entorno ambiental higi\u00e9nico y social del ni\u00f1o, permitiendo detectar una\u00a0alimentaci\u00f3n incorrecta en cantidad y\/o calidad y los h\u00e1bitos alimentarios. Son\u00a0datos de especial inter\u00e9s el tipo de lactancia, edad de destete, introducci\u00f3n y\u00a0preparaci\u00f3n de alimentos s\u00f3lidos y la evoluci\u00f3n de los par\u00e1metros<br \/>antropom\u00e9tricos como peso y talla (2).<\/p><p><strong>Exploraci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica<\/strong>: Es la exploraci\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica y ordenada de todos los sistemas\u00a0org\u00e1nicos para valorar globalmente la nutrici\u00f3n y detectar la existencia de\u00a0manifestaciones carenciales y cualquier signo patol\u00f3gico (2).<\/p><p><strong>Indicadores antropom\u00e9tricos <\/strong>(2):<\/p><ul><li><strong>Peso<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Talla<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Per\u00edmetro cef\u00e1lico:<\/strong> Un percentil &lt;5 es indicativo de la existencia de microcefalia, malnutrici\u00f3n cr\u00f3nica intrauterina o durante la primera infancia.<\/li><li><strong>Relaci\u00f3n peso-talla:<\/strong> El percentil 90 y el percentil 10 establecen respectivamente los l\u00edmites de la obesidad y de la malnutrici\u00f3n.<\/li><li><strong>\u00cdndice de Quetelet:<\/strong> su interpretaci\u00f3n es parecida a la del cociente percentil peso\/talla, pero corrige errores en caso de talla alta familiar con peso bajo.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>F\u00f3rmula:\u00a0IQ= Peso (kg)\/Talla2(m)<\/em><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u00cdndice nutricional de Waterlow:<\/strong> se basa en la comparaci\u00f3n de la relaci\u00f3n simple del peso y la talla del paciente con la relaci\u00f3n del peso y la talla medios para la correspondiente edad y sexo. De utilidad para determinar si el estado de malnutrici\u00f3n es agudo o cr\u00f3nico (2).<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Malnutrici\u00f3n aguda: <strong>%Peso para talla P50 =<\/strong> Peso actual (kg) x 100\/<\/em>Peso para la talla en el P50 (kg)<\/p><ul><li>Estadio 0 (normal): &gt; 90%.<\/li><li>Estadio I (malnutrici\u00f3n leve): 80-90%.<\/li><li>Estadio II (malnutrici\u00f3n moderada): 70-80%.<\/li><li>Estadio III (malnutrici\u00f3n severa): &lt; 70%.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Malnutrici\u00f3n cr\u00f3nica: %<strong>Talla para la edad<\/strong> = Talla actual (cm) x 100\/Talla P50 para la edad (cm)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Estadio 0 (normal): &gt; 95%.<\/li><li>Estadio I (malnutrici\u00f3n leve): 90-95%.<\/li><li>Estadio II (malnutrici\u00f3n moderada): 85-90%.<\/li><li>Estadio III (malnutrici\u00f3n severa) &lt; 85%.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><strong style=\"font-style: inherit;\">\u00cdndice de per\u00edmetro braquial (cm)\/<\/strong> <strong>per\u00edmetro cef\u00e1lico (cm)<\/strong>: De utilidad en ni\u00f1os de menos de 4 a\u00f1os para establecer la existencia de malnutrici\u00f3n (2).<\/li><li>Normal: &gt; 0,30.<\/li><li>Malnutrici\u00f3n leve: 0,28-0,30.<\/li><li>Malnutrici\u00f3n moderada: 0,25-0,27.<\/li><li>Malnutrici\u00f3n severa: &lt; 0,25.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><strong style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Evaluaci\u00f3n de la composici\u00f3n corporal:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>La valoraci\u00f3n de la grasa corporal total y masa magra se realiza con la medida de los pliegues cut\u00e1neos o de los per\u00edmetros como el de brazo. La estimaci\u00f3n cuantitativa de la grasa corporal puede obtenerse a partir de varias f\u00f3rmulas predictivas ideadas especialmente para ni\u00f1os de ambos sexos (ecuaciones de Brooke, Siri o Slaughter). Suelen efectuarse en extremidades sobre el tr\u00edceps y el b\u00edceps y en el tronco los pliegues subescapular y suprail\u00edaco (2).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6cfe5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a6cfe5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"36958\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=1800%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36958\" alt=\"estado nutricional en lactantes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?w=1800&amp;ssl=1 1800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=1536%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=120%2C60&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=1320%2C660&amp;ssl=1 1320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=350%2C175&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=500%2C250&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?resize=700%2C350&amp;ssl=1 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-attachment-id=\"36958\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=1800%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_2.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61272b69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61272b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b style=\"font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Par\u00e1metros bioqu\u00edmicos<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: Raleway, serif;\">(2)<b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul type=\"disc\"><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Alb\u00famina s\u00e9rica<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> (vida media larga de 20 d\u00edas, mal indicador de desnutrici\u00f3n precoz). Valores de 2,8 -3,5 g\/dL indican desnutrici\u00f3n leve; entre 2,1-2,7 g\/dL desnutrici\u00f3n moderada y &lt; 2,2 g\/dL desnutrici\u00f3n grave.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Prealb\u00famina<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> (m\u00e1s fiable para estados de malnutrici\u00f3n aguda por su vida media corta de 24-48 horas). Valores de 10-15 mg\/dL indican desnutrici\u00f3n leve; 5-10 mg\/dL desnutrici\u00f3n moderada y &lt; 5 mg\/dL desnutrici\u00f3n grave.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Transferrina<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> (Con vida intermedia de 8-10 d\u00edas, refleja mejor que la alb\u00famina los estados de malnutrici\u00f3n incipientes). Valores 150-170 mg\/dL sugieren desnutrici\u00f3n leve; 100-150 mg\/dL desnutrici\u00f3n moderada y &lt; 100 mg\/dL desnutrici\u00f3n grave.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Otros par\u00e1metros bioqu\u00edmicos de utilidad <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">(2)<b>: <\/b>prote\u00edna transportadora de retinol, determinaci\u00f3n del estado vitam\u00ednico y mineral. La hemoglobina e \u00edndices de los hemat\u00edes permiten identificar los ni\u00f1os con d\u00e9ficit nutricionales de hierro, \u00e1cido f\u00f3lico, vitamina B12 o anemia asociada a enfermedad cr\u00f3nica. \u00cdndice creatinina-talla, balance nitrogenado, excreci\u00f3n urinaria de 3-hidroxiprolina, amino\u00e1cidos, inmunidad celular y par\u00e1metros hormonales.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Otras metodolog\u00edas y t\u00e9cnicas para evaluar estado nutricional:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> diluciones isot\u00f3picas, bioimpedancia, conductividad el\u00e9ctrica corporal, densitometr\u00eda radiol\u00f3gica de doble energ\u00eda (DEXA) y la calorimetr\u00eda (2), sin embargo son m\u00e9todos mucho m\u00e1s costosos.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233e827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"233e827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Requerimientos nutricionales que debemos considerar:<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f76a810 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f76a810\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/h2><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los componentes del gasto energ\u00e9tico del lactante?:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> la energ\u00eda ingresada diariamente con los macronutrientes, en su mayor proporci\u00f3n, va a ser utilizada por el organismo (energ\u00eda metabolizable), excepto una peque\u00f1a parte que se pierde en orina heces y sudor. Esta energ\u00eda disponible se va a consumir en el metabolismo basal, la termog\u00e9nesis de los alimentos (ambos constituyen el gasto energ\u00e9tico en reposo o GER), la termorregulaci\u00f3n, actividad f\u00edsica y en el crecimiento. La suma de todos ellos constituye el gasto energ\u00e9tico total (GET) (2).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Balance energ\u00e9tico = Energ\u00eda aportada \u2013 (GET + p\u00e9rdidas)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo calcular los requerimientos especiales?<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> (2)<b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Lactantes &lt; 9 kg peso:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">GET (kcal\/d\u00eda):<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul type=\"disc\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul type=\"circle\"><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Con el peso: [98,07 x P (kg)] &#8211; 121,73.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Con peso y talla: [10,66 x T (cm)] + [73,32 x P (kg)] &#8211; 635,08.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">GER (kcal):<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul type=\"disc\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul type=\"circle\"><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Con el peso: [84,5 x P (kg)] &#8211; 117,33.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Con peso y talla: [10,12 x T (cm)] + [61,02 x P (kg)] &#8211; 605,08.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades energ\u00e9ticas:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> el aporte energ\u00e9tico debe cubrir las necesidades para el mantenimiento actividad f\u00edsica y crecimiento. Pasada la primera infancia, existe una gran variabilidad individual y los requerimientos energ\u00e9ticos; existen diferentes tablas y estudios de referencia, las m\u00e1s com\u00fanmente empleadas son las recomendaciones de la OMS y la <i>National Research Council <\/i>(2).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades de prote\u00ednas:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> las necesidades cuantitativas de las prote\u00ednas han sido calculadas por el m\u00e9todo factorial qu\u00e9 consiste en sumar, a las p\u00e9rdidas obligadas de nitr\u00f3geno (orina heces, sudor), las necesidades para el crecimiento y la sustituci\u00f3n de los tejidos. Deben aportar alrededor del 12% de las calor\u00edas de la dieta (2).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades medias de energ\u00eda y prote\u00ednas (RDA)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b54d6f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b54d6f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"36956\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=1800%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" width=\"1800\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=1800%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36956\" alt=\"estado nutricional en lactantes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?w=1800&amp;ssl=1 1800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=1536%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=120%2C60&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=1320%2C660&amp;ssl=1 1320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=350%2C175&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=500%2C250&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?resize=700%2C350&amp;ssl=1 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-attachment-id=\"36956\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=1800%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_3.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9adf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea9adf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades de grasa<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">: los triglic\u00e9ridos sirven como fuente concentrada de energ\u00eda pr\u00e1cticamente insustituible, adem\u00e1s son el veh\u00edculo de las vitaminas liposolubles algunos l\u00edpidos complejos (fosfol\u00edpidos y glucol\u00edpidos), cumplen importantes funciones estructurales en las membranas celulares y en los \u00f3rganos intracelulares, y forman parte de sistemas enzim\u00e1ticos importantes. Son la fuente de aporte de los \u00e1cidos grasos esenciales linol\u00e9nico y linoleico (2).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Recomendaciones de l\u00edpidos seg\u00fan la edad<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0110ddb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0110ddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"36957\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=1759%2C490&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1759,490\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=300%2C84&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=1024%2C285&amp;ssl=1\" width=\"1759\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=1759%2C490&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36957\" alt=\"estado nutricional en lactantes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?w=1759&amp;ssl=1 1759w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=300%2C84&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=1024%2C285&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=768%2C214&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=1536%2C428&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=200%2C56&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=1320%2C368&amp;ssl=1 1320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=350%2C97&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=500%2C139&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?resize=700%2C195&amp;ssl=1 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-attachment-id=\"36957\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=1759%2C490&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1759,490\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=300%2C84&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_4-e1649194929515.png?fit=1024%2C285&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd22b1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd22b1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0<\/p><ul type=\"disc\"><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades de carbohidratos:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> deben constituir aproximadamente del 50-55% de las calor\u00edas de la dieta, suelen representar unos 130 g\/d\u00eda a partir de la \u00e9poca de la lactancia (2).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades de agua: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">durante el primer a\u00f1o las necesidades diarias son de aproximadamente 150 ml\/kg (1,5 ml\/kcal metabolizada), aunque esta cantidad var\u00eda ampliamente con la temperatura, las p\u00e9rdidas anormales de l\u00edquido y la carga de solutos de la alimentaci\u00f3n. A partir de esta edad los requerimientos h\u00eddricos disminuyen progresivamente situ\u00e1ndose entre 1 y 1,5 ml\/kcal (2).<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Necesidades de minerales oligoelementos y vitaminas:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\"> Las recomendaciones de ingesta diaria (RDA) para minerales, oligoelementos y vitaminas son la principal gu\u00eda para el abordaje nutricional (2).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Raleway',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;\">Ingesta diet\u00e9tica diaria de referencia para minerales, oligoelementos y vitaminas<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"36955\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?fit=1800%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"estado nutricional de lactantes_5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-36955 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=1800%2C900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"estado nutricional en lactantes\" width=\"1800\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?w=1800&amp;ssl=1 1800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=1536%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=120%2C60&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=1320%2C660&amp;ssl=1 1320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=350%2C175&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=500%2C250&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/estado-nutricional-de-lactantes_5.png?resize=700%2C350&amp;ssl=1 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway;\">Autor: Rafael Le\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: Raleway;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas:<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p><ol start=\"1\" type=\"1\"><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: Raleway;\">Centro de Atenci\u00f3n Nutricional Infantil Ant\u00edmano. Nutrici\u00f3n en Pediatr\u00eda &#8211; Tomo I. 2da ed. Caracas: Empresas Polar: CANIA; 2009. 773 p.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: Raleway;\">Cant\u00f3n OS, Ferreiro SR, Bautista SC. Gu\u00eda de Nutrici\u00f3n Pedi\u00e1trica Hospitalaria. Madrid; 2022<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway;\">En la <u><span style=\"color: blue;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Programa-Nutricion-Clinica-Pediatrica-Cohorte-1-1.pdf\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">Certificaci\u00f3n Internacional Nutrici\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Pedi\u00e1trica<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/u> tendr\u00e1s un aula exclusiva sobre c\u00f3mo evaluar el estado nutricional de lactantes y cu\u00e1les son los requerimientos necesarios para ello.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Raleway;\">In\u00edcio: 13\/04\/2022<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39fdd2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"39fdd2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/producto\/certificacion-internacional-en-nutricion-clinica-pediatrica\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Insribete aqu\u00ed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class='cb-post-url-qr-code'><br><img src='https:\/\/api.qrserver.com\/v1\/create-qr-code\/?size=185x185&ecc=L&qzone=1&data=https%3A%2F%2Fvivesanobrasil.org%2Fpb%2Fcomo-evaluar-el-estado-nutricional-en-lactantes-2%2F' alt='\u00bfC\u00f3mo evaluar el estado nutricional en lactantes?'\/><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo evaluar el estado nutricional en lactantes? Para evaluar el estado nutricional en lactantes, en\u00a0principio, debemos recolectar diversos datos, con distintas t\u00e9cnicas oprocedimientos, cuyo an\u00e1lisis permite obtener indicadores de la situaci\u00f3n\u00a0pasada o actual del estado nutricional (1). Para ello, se deben considerar: Anamnesis adecuada: Informaci\u00f3n relativa a la existencia de enfermedades agudas y cr\u00f3nicas,\u00a0entorno ambiental [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":135836161,"featured_media":38053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[675839595,675839594,675839547],"tags":[675839601,675839600],"class_list":["post-37625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos","category-blog","category-publicaciones","tag-destete","tag-lactancia"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vivesanobrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/2.jpg?fit=1080%2C1350&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9Ia6I-9MR","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/135836161"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vivesanobrasil.org\/pb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}